Temperature

Temperature:

Temperature is a physical quantity expressing hot and cold. It is measured with a thermometer calibrated in one or more temperature scales. The most commonly used scales are the Celsius scale (formerly called centigrade) (denoted °C), Fahrenheit scale (denoted °F), and Kelvin scale (denoted K). The kelvin (the word is spelled with a lower-case k) is the unit of temperature in the International System of Units (SI), in which temperature is one of the seven fundamental base quantities. The Kelvin scale is widely used in science and technology.

Theoretically, the coldest a system can be is when its temperature is absolute zero, at which point the thermal motion in matter would be zero. However, an actual physical system or object can never attain a temperature of absolute zero. Absolute zero is denoted as 0 K on the Kelvin scale, −273.15 °C on the Celsius scale, and −459.67 °F on the Fahrenheit scale.

For an ideal gas, temperature is proportional to the average kinetic energy of the random microscopic motions of the constituent microscopic particles. Temperature is important in all fields of natural science, including physics, chemistry, Earth science, medicine, and biology, as well as most aspects of daily life.

What are the effects of Temperature on human health?

The effects of global warming include its effects on human health. The observed and projected increased frequency and severity of climate related impacts will further exacerbate the effects on human health. Ambient temperature is one of the basic parameters characterizing human comfort: are we too hot, too cold, or just right? The impact of temperature goes beyond comfort: inadequate temperature and temperature variations have consequences on human health, as the increasing numbers of studies have demonstrated. The topic is of particular significance at the times when climate change shifts the traditional – as we know them- temperature zones, and brings much wider temperature variations.

What are the environmental effects of Temperature?

In modern times, climate change often refers to the increase in the Earth’s average temperature. Although the reality of climate change was disputed at first, there is now a plethora of evidence outlining not only how and why the Earth’s temperature is increasing, but also the extent to which it will continue to increase in the future. Since the 20^th century, the Earth’s average temperature has increased by about 0.7° Celsius and is expected to continue to increase by about 0.2° Celsius per decade. The oceans absorb 80-94% of the heat added to the Earth by climate change.

It has been seen in the majority of the papers that we have read that most species will react negatively over long term heat stress. Thermal stress can prevent species from proper development, migrating, reproducing, and more. However, although there have been a vast number of studies, there are still many aspects of this topic that need to be examined further. Many of the studies below do not necessarily push the boundaries of thermal tolerance to the extreme. For instance, the paper we read as a class about sea urchins utilized a high temperature of 18 degrees Celsius. It was noted later in the paper that some sea urchins are already living in environments that reach these temperatures and thus the long term effects at higher temperature are unknown. It is also important for studies to take into consideration not only the effects of temperature, but also how an increase in temperature affects other components of the environment, such as acidification and ocean currents, and how these things work together to affect different organisms.

Interested Parties including Regulatory Authorities:

1. 1. Persons affected by Temperature
   2. Industries, Laboratories using/ Generating Temperature
   3. Warehouses of huge Temperature
   4. Motor Vehicles for personal and commercial uses
   5. Private / Govt. Projects to control Temperature
   6. Handling and transportation of goods containing Temperature
   7. Local Environmental Department/ Authorities
   8. Local Government Authorities like Municipalities, City Corporation etc.
   9. Local Law Enforcing Agencies like Police, Magistrate and Regulatory Authorities etc.

Benefits of Monitoring:

By monitoring long-term contamination trends, every country establishes baseline contamination levels, making it possible for early identification of contamination events. Daily events and long term trends are captured and steps taken to reduce environmental emission/ pollution and enhance environmental performance of the society.